The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) indicate that in 2017 about 12.7% of adults and children had some form of disability. Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability with ~7 million in the US, which will increase by 20.5% by 2030. Cerebral Palsy is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in children with reports suggesting that 1 in 323 children in the US have CP which represent approximately ~230,000 children in the US. Both these diseases result in varying levels of motor and cognitive impairment due to brain injury which affects then affects the persons ability to complete activities of daily living and fully participate in society. Increasingly advanced technologies are being used to support identification, diagnosis, assessment, and therapy for patients with brain injury. Specifically, robot and mechatronic systems can provide patients, physicians and rehabilitation clinical providers with additional support to care for and improve the quality of life of children and adults with motor and cognitive impairment. This talk will provide a brief introduction to the area of rehabilitation robotics and ,via case studies, illustrate how we develop and use technology-assisted rehabilitation systems to assess motor and cognitive impairment, detect early evidence of functional impairment, and augment therapy in high and low-resource settings.