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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20240701T110000
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DTSTAMP:20260403T134730
CREATED:20240626T120336Z
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UID:10007997-1719831600-1719838800@seasevents.nmsdev7.com
SUMMARY:MSE Thesis Defense: "Alloy Anodes for Alkali-Metal Batteries: Elucidating Lithiation Pathways of Metal/Metal Composites and Solid Solution Alloys Using Novel Nanoporous Tri-Layer Metal/Metal/Metal Composites"
DESCRIPTION:The pressing issues of global warming and the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves have prompted both private and governmental organizations to seek clean\, renewable energy alternatives. Solar and wind energy have been extensively researched\, leading to significantly reduced costs for energy production. However\, to address the intermittent nature of these energy sources\, reliable methods for storing excess energy produced during peak times are necessary for use during off-peak hours\, such as nighttime for solar energy. One such method is using batteries – such as Li-ion\, Na-ion\, and Mg-ion batteries – to store this excess energy. However\, current batteries suffer from relatively low energy densities\, which make it difficult to store large amounts of energy for a prolonged period of time. One promising solution is to drastically increase the energy densities by replacing current low specific capacity graphite anodes with alloy anode materials\, specifically with nanoporous structure. Incorporating nanoporosity into alloy anodes has shown improved performance in terms of cycling stability and rate capability. Further advancements have been achieved by combining materials to exploit their synergistic effects. Typically\, though\, nanoporous metal fabrication methods require a sacrificial element to be etched from a parent alloy\, leading to significant material waste and poor sustainability — often having waste material exceeding 50 at. % of the parent material. \nIn this work\, we introduce a novel technique called “chlorine-neutral etching” for sustainably producing nanoporous metals without sacrificing materials. This technique uses oxidative and reductive pulses to convert bulk silver into nanoporous silver without any sacrificial elements. We extended this method to a gold-silver alloy precursor\, successfully separating gold and silver into distinct nanoporous gold and silver layers\, creating a tri-layer composite material. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)\, we confirmed the uniform porosity of the entire material. With this innovative nanoporous silver | gold | silver tri-layer composite structure\, we explored the electrochemical alloying reaction pathways with lithium (principles which can be extended to storage of other alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions) of both a solid solution alloy and the tri-layer metal/metal composite material. We predicted phase morphology evolution in a material combining gold and silver phases based on the equilibrium phase diagrams of each component. By comparing the voltage profiles of the solid solution alloy and the composite structure\, we assessed how each structure’s voltage profile compared to the sum of its individual components. Our conclusions suggest future research directions and present preliminary results for extending the chlorine-neutral etching method to a promising alloy anode\, lead metal. We also developed battery cells using bulk lead metal and compared the long-term cycling performance of solid solution alloys against nanoporous metal/metal composite materials.
URL:https://seasevents.nmsdev7.com/event/mse-thesis-defense-alloy-anodes-for-alkali-metal-batteries-elucidating-lithiation-pathways-of-metal-metal-composites-and-solid-solution-alloys-using-novel-nanoporous-tri-layer/
LOCATION:LRSM Reading Room\, 3231 Walnut St.\, Philadelphia\, PA\, 19104\, United States
CATEGORIES:Doctoral,Student,Dissertation or Thesis Defense
ORGANIZER;CN="Materials Science and Engineering":MAILTO:johnruss@seas.upenn.edu
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20240702T100000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20240702T113000
DTSTAMP:20260403T134730
CREATED:20240610T152227Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240610T152227Z
UID:10007984-1719914400-1719919800@seasevents.nmsdev7.com
SUMMARY:MEAM Seminar: "Macroscopic Ensemble Methods for Robot Team Data Collection in Dynamic Environments"
DESCRIPTION:Data is necessary to improve our understanding of dynamic environments\, like the ocean. With limited sensing resources\, the challenge lies in identifying and acquiring sensor measurements over large spatial and temporal scales. One solution is to use a team of robots equipped with sensors to collect data. However\, robot teams still require methods that effectively tell the robots where to sample informative data. Existing approaches develop plans for each individual robot which works well if the team is small (less than 10 agents) and operating in a simple environment (an open field). Unfortunately\, these solutions require careful engineering and cannot be easily adapted to changing environmental conditions. For this reason\, we want to model team-wide objectives using dynamical systems theory. Specifically\, our robot team modeling technique is called macroscopic ensemble modeling. These methods are known to easily control large robot teams (more than 50 robots) and even scale to control many different types of robots. Nevertheless\, macroscopic ensemble methods require extensions to effectively distribute robots in dynamic environments. This seminar will cover our recent results incorporating both collaborations and environmental feedback into macroscopic ensemble robot team models. Our results demonstrate novel team-wide behavior beneficial to collecting data in dynamic environments.
URL:https://seasevents.nmsdev7.com/event/meam-seminar-macroscopic-ensemble-methods-for-robot-team-data-collection-in-dynamic-environments/
LOCATION:Room 337\, Towne Building\, 220 South 33rd Street\, Philadelphia\, PA\, 19104\, United States
ORGANIZER;CN="Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics":MAILTO:meam@seas.upenn.edu
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20240702T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20240702T140000
DTSTAMP:20260403T134730
CREATED:20240617T183301Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240617T183301Z
UID:10007989-1719921600-1719928800@seasevents.nmsdev7.com
SUMMARY:MSE Thesis Defense: "High-Resolution Characterization of Solid-Liquid Interfaces in Energy Storage Materials Using Microscopy: From Lithium Metal Anodes to Liquid Sodium-Potassium"
DESCRIPTION:Battery technologies are crucial for reducing greenhouse gases by enabling the use of renewable energy and facilitating the transition to electric vehicles\, thereby lowering emissions. Lithium metal anodes are ideal for next-generation batteries in automotive applications due to their high energy density. However\, issues such as dendrite formation and solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) affect their long-term stability and reliability. Conversely\, liquid metal batteries\, like liquid Na-K anodes\, show promise for large grid storage systems due to their fast kinetics\, low cost\, and potentially long cycle life. Despite these benefits\, the development of liquid metal anodes has not been fully explored\, making the feasibility of Na-K anodes uncertain. This thesis aims to address these challenges using cryogenic electron and ion beam microscopy. We developed a technique to create electron transparent battery samples for characterization by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Through this method\, we discovered short-range ordering in the SEI of Li-metal batteries using cryogenic four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). We propose that the structural ordering in SEIs is crucial for suppressing Li dendrites\, thereby enhancing battery performance. Although SEIs were previously thought to be a mix of inorganic precipitates and organic matrix\, our data suggest that their true morphology is largely amorphous\, indicating significant electron beam damage in earlier analyses. We also investigated the behavior of liquid Na-K anodes with Na-ion electrolytes. Characterizing liquid metals is challenging due to their fluidic properties and high surface tension. However\, cryogenic focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-FIB/SEM) and various characterizations revealed the dissolution of K\, making these anodes unsuitable for Na-ion electrolytes. Our findings highlight the potential of cryogenic microscopy techniques in advancing battery technology and addressing key challenges in the development of next-generation energy storage systems.
URL:https://seasevents.nmsdev7.com/event/mse-thesis-defense-high-resolution-characterization-of-solid-liquid-interfaces-in-energy-storage-materials-using-microscopy-from-lithium-metal-anodes-to-liquid-sodium-potassium/
LOCATION:LRSM Reading Room\, 3231 Walnut St.\, Philadelphia\, PA\, 19104\, United States
CATEGORIES:Student,Dissertation or Thesis Defense
ORGANIZER;CN="Materials Science and Engineering":MAILTO:johnruss@seas.upenn.edu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20240703T101500
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20240703T111500
DTSTAMP:20260403T134730
CREATED:20240626T130018Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240626T130018Z
UID:10007998-1720001700-1720005300@seasevents.nmsdev7.com
SUMMARY:MEAM Seminar: "Fingertip Friction\, Materials\, and Tactile Perception"
DESCRIPTION:Sliding touch is one of the key inputs for the perception of materials in our environment. We are interested in the contribution of fingertip friction to the process of tactile exploration and perception. Psychophysical studies address correlations between subjective judgements of perception and measured physical parameters of interactions\, in our case of friction on materials with systematically varied surface structure. A challenge in this approach are large variances in skin physiological parameters between the participants in our studies. I will discuss how surface structures are perceived in sliding touch\, for which materials the determination of physiological parameters is helpful to predict friction\, and if humans are able to rank friction differences correctly. Materials range from 3D printed plastic over micro-structured rubber to honey.
URL:https://seasevents.nmsdev7.com/event/meam-seminar-fingertip-friction-materials-and-tactile-perception/
LOCATION:Room 337\, Towne Building\, 220 South 33rd Street\, Philadelphia\, PA\, 19104\, United States
CATEGORIES:Colloquium
ORGANIZER;CN="Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics":MAILTO:meam@seas.upenn.edu
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