Fluorinated polymers offer a plethora of unique and sometimes perplexing properties. One of the most interesting is the ability for specific types of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to undergo room-temperature, sheer-induced, structural transformations leading “unwinding” of crystallites and the formation of nano-scale fibers. This process is commonly referred to as “fibrillation”. The material properties required for this deformation mechanism are so unique that no other polymer is known to exhibit this behavior. By utilizing and controlling this property, complex composites can be manufactured with polymer loadings of less than 1% weight. Recently, this methodology has been used to revolutionize both cathode and anode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries. This talk will overview the fundamentals of fibrillation, show methods to characterize structures, and discuss unique applications for these materials.